15 Soal Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA Topik Report Text vs Descriptive Text, Soal Sering Muncul di SAS

Ringkasan Berita:

• SAS Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA menekankan kemampuan membedakan Report Text dan Descriptive Text melalui analisis struktur, fungsi sosial, dan ciri kebahasaan. 
• Siswa dilatih mengenali general classification, penggunaan passive voice, serta istilah ilmiah pada Report Text, dibandingkan dengan fokus personal dan spesifik pada Descriptive Text. 
• Artikel ini membantu memperkuat pemahaman komparatif agar siswa mampu mengidentifikasi teks ilmiah umum versus teks deskriptif individual secara akurat.

SRIPOKU.COM - Memasuki agenda evaluasi Sumatif Akhir Semester (SAS) Genap tahun ajaran 2026, pemetaan kemampuan literasi bahasa asing menjadi fokus krusial bagi siswa kelas 10 SMA pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris. 

Salah satu materi yang paling sering menjadi batu sandungan karena karakteristik strukturnya yang mirip adalah perbedaan antara Report Text dan Descriptive Text. 

Guna membantu siswa mengasah ketajaman analisis teks secara komparatif dan mempermudah guru mendapatkan bahan instrumen ujian yang valid, artikel ini menyajikan 15 latihan soal Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA materi Report vs Descriptive Text model terbaru yang dirancang penuh kecohan lengkap dengan kunci jawaban serta pembahasan.

Baca juga: 15 Soal HOTS Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 8 SMP Topik Teks Eksplanasi dan Teks Ulasan, Materi untuk SAS

Read the text carefully to answer questions number 1 and 2!

Whales are marine mammals belonging to the order Cetacea. Like all mammals, they breathe air into their lungs, are warm-blooded, and feed their young with milk. Their bodies are shaped like ships to reduce resistance when swimming. However, blue whales are endangered due to commercial hunting in the past.

(1.) What is the social function of the text above?

A. To describe a specific blue whale that the author observed in the ocean.
B. To report the general characteristics of whales as a group of marine mammals.
C. To entertain the readers with a story about endangered blue whales.
D. To persuade people to stop commercial whale hunting immediately.
E. To explain the chronological evolution of marine creatures.

Kunci Jawaban : B. To report the general characteristics of whales as a group of marine mammals.

Pembahasan: Teks tersebut merupakan Report Text karena membahas "Whales" (paus) secara umum/generik sebagai sebuah kelompok mamalia laut (ditandai dengan bentuk jamak tanpa kata sandang spesifik), bukan menceritakan satu ekor paus tertentu.

(2.) Many students get confused between Report and Descriptive text. What structural element proves that the text above is a Report Text rather than a Descriptive Text?

A. It uses the Simple Present Tense to state facts.
B. It contains a technical scientific classification in the opening sentence.
C. It mentions the endangered status of blue whales at the end.
D. It describes the physical shape of the animal's body.
E. It expresses the author's personal awe toward whales.

Kunci Jawaban : B. It contains a technical scientific classification in the opening sentence.

Pembahasan: Salah satu penciri utama Report Text tingkat SMA adalah adanya General Classification (klasifikasi umum) di awal teks yang sering kali mengaitkan objek dengan kelompok ilmiahnya (e.g., "belonging to the order Cetacea"). Descriptive text langsung berfokus pada identifikasi objek spesifik.

Read the text carefully to answer questions number 3 and 4!

Orchidaceae is a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colorful and fragrant, commonly known as the orchid family. Orchids can be found in almost every habitat on Earth, except for glaciers. They exhibit a wide range of adaptations to secure nutrients and water.

(3.) Based on its characteristics, what type of text is the passage above?

A. Descriptive Text
B. Narrative Text
C. Report Text
D. Recount Text
E. Exposition Text

Kunci Jawaban : C. Report Text

Pembahasan: Teks ini merupakan Report Text karena memberikan informasi objektif dan ilmiah tentang keluarga bunga anggrek ("Orchidaceae") secara keseluruhan di dunia, bukan mendeskripsikan satu pot bunga anggrek tertentu milik penulis.

(4.) Which of the following sentences would change the text above from a Report Text into a Descriptive Text?

A. Orchids are highly evolved plants that have unique pollination mechanisms.
B. The Orchidaceae family contains more than twenty-five thousand accepted species.
C. I bought a beautiful purple orchid yesterday, and it now sits on my white windowsill.
D. Most orchids grow as epiphytes on the bark of trees in tropical rainforests.
E. Wild orchids are protected by international environmental laws.

Kunci Jawaban : C. I bought a beautiful purple orchid yesterday, and it now sits on my white windowsill.

Pembahasan: Kalimat pilihan C mengubah fokus teks dari generalisasi ilmiah (Report) menjadi subjek tunggal yang spesifik, personal, dan unik milik si penulis ("I bought...", "my white windowsill"), yang merupakan ciri utama Descriptive Text.

Read the text carefully to answer questions number 5 and 6!

My family and I live in a house located near the town center. The house consists of three bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, and two bathrooms. It has a small front yard filled with my mother’s favorite red roses. Although houses in our neighborhood look identical from the outside, our house has a bright blue door that sets it apart.

(5.) What is the main topic of the text above?

A. Modern residential houses in urban town centers.
B. The specific physical features of the author's family house.
C. How to design a small front yard with colorful roses.
D. General housing structural systems in modern eras.
E. The social life of people living in suburban neighborhoods.

Kunci Jawaban : B. The specific physical features of the author's family house.

Pembahasan: Teks tersebut merupakan Descriptive Text karena mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan sebuah objek spesifik yang bersifat personal, yaitu rumah milik si penulis ("My family and I live in a house...", "our house").

(6.) What is the structure of the paragraph above?

A. General Classification followed by a Description of parts.
B. Orientation followed by a series of chronological events.
C. Identification followed by a Description of features.
D. Thesis statement followed by multiple supporting arguments.
E. General statement followed by a sequence of explanations.

Kunci Jawaban : C. Identification followed by a Description of features.

Pembahasan: Struktur dari Descriptive Text terdiri atas Identification (pengenalan objek spesifik di awal teks, e.g., "a house located near the town center") dan dilanjutkan dengan Description (gambaran detail objek tersebut, e.g., jumlah kamar, warna pintu).

Read the text carefully to answer questions number 7 and 8!

Tokyo is the capital city of Japan. It is located on the eastern coast of the main island of Honshu. This metropolis is famous for its combination of ultra-modern skyscrapers and historic Shinto shrines. If you visit Tokyo, you can see the towering Tokyo Skytree which dominates the city's skyline.

(7.) Why do some students mistakenly classify this text as a Report Text?

A. Because it uses the Simple Present Tense and talks about a famous place.
B. Because it describes a specific geographical entity rather than a general category.
C. Because it mentions historical facts about Shinto shrines in Japan.
D. Because the paragraph contains advice for tourists visiting Japan.
E. Because it doesn't use any first-person pronouns like "I" or "my".

Kunci Jawaban : A. Because it uses the Simple Present Tense and talks about a famous place.

Pembahasan: Banyak siswa SMA terkecoh menganggap teks tentang kota/negara sebagai Report Text karena mengandung banyak fakta publik dan menggunakan Present Tense. Namun, selama objeknya tunggal dan nama tempat spesifik ("Tokyo"), teks tersebut tetap dikategorikan sebagai Descriptive Text.

(8.) What makes the text about Tokyo a Descriptive Text instead of a Report Text?

A. It discusses the general urban planning of modern cities in Asia.
B. It focuses entirely on one specific, unique city named Tokyo.
C. It includes scientific terminology regarding volcanic island formations.
D. It is written from the objective perspective of a professional geographer.
E. It reports the average economic growth rate of Japan's capital.

Kunci Jawaban : B. It focuses entirely on one specific, unique city named Tokyo.

Pembahasan: Ciri pembeda paling mutlak adalah cakupan objeknya. Descriptive Text berfokus pada satu entitas spesifik tunggal (particular/specific noun) seperti "Tokyo", sedangkan Report Text berfokus pada kategori umum (general/generic noun) seperti "Metropolitan Cities".

Read the text carefully to answer questions number 9 and 10!

Earthquakes are sudden vibrations caused by the movement of tectonic plates or volcanic activities. The energy released travels through the earth in the form of seismic waves. Instruments called seismographs are used to record the intensity of these waves.

(9.) What kind of information is mainly presented in the text?

A. A personal witness account of a terrifying earthquake disaster.
B. A step-by-step instruction on how to survive a major earthquake.
C. A scientific and factual description of earthquakes as a natural phenomenon.
D. A prediction of when the next earthquake will strike a specific region.
E. An official government report regarding post-disaster budget allocations.

Kunci Jawaban : C. A scientific and factual description of earthquakes as a natural phenomenon.

Pembahasan: Teks tersebut merupakan Report Text tentang fenomena alam (gempa bumi). Informasi yang disajikan bersifat umum, objektif, dan ilmiah tanpa adanya keterlibatan emosi personal penulis.

(10.) Which linguistic feature is heavily utilized in the text to emphasize the objective results of research?

A. Passive voice constructions (e.g., "are caused by", "are used to")
B. First-person personal pronouns (e.g., "I", "We", "My")
C. Evaluative and subjective adjectives to show feelings
D. Past tense verbs to indicate historical occurrences
E. Conditional sentences showing future possibilities

Kunci Jawaban : A. Passive voice constructions (e.g., "are caused by", "are used to")

Pembahasan: Report Text sering menggunakan kalimat pasif (passive voice) untuk memberikan penekanan pada objek atau fenomena yang diteliti secara ilmiah dan objektif, bukan pada pelaku tindakannya.

Read the text carefully to answer questions number 11 and 12!

Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) are the largest living species of lizard on Earth. They are endemic to the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, and Gili Motang. They possess a long, flat head with a rounded snout, scaly skin, bowed legs, and a huge, muscular tail.

(11.) Even though the text mentions specific names of islands like "Komodo" and "Flores", why is this passage still categorized as a Report Text?

A. Because it describes the physical appearance of one specific lizard in a zoo.
B. Because it uses scientific naming to classify the entire species of Komodo dragons.
C. Because it talks about the history of tourism in East Nusa Tenggara.
D. Because the author shares a personal story about visiting Gili Motang.
E. Because it tells a local folklore about the origin of the giant lizard.

Kunci Jawaban : B. Because it uses scientific naming to classify the entire species of Komodo dragons.

Pembahasan: Ini adalah jebakan klasik dalam ujian tingkat SMA. Meskipun menyebutkan nama pulau spesifik (tempat habitat), subjek utamanya adalah "Komodo dragons" (bentuk jamak, spesies secara keseluruhan) dan dilengkapi nama ilmiah (Varanus komodoensis), yang menandakan teks ini adalah Report Text.

(12.) If the author wanted to rewrite the text into a Descriptive Text, which title would be the most appropriate?

A. The Evolutionary History of Reptiles in Southeast Asia
B. Reptiles and Their Natural Habitats
C. Si Juki: My Brother's Pet Komodo Dragon at the Rescue Center
D. How Komodo Dragons Hunt Their Prey in the Wild
E. The Extinction Threat of Prehistoric Creatures

Kunci Jawaban : C. Si Juki: My Brother's Pet Komodo Dragon at the Rescue Center

Pembahasan: Judul pada pilihan C secara jelas merujuk pada satu ekor Komodo spesifik yang diberi nama panggilan "Si Juki" dan berstatus sebagai hewan peliharaan tertentu, yang merupakan ciri khas subjek dari Descriptive Text.

Read the text carefully to answer questions number 13 and 14!

Smartwatches are wearable computers in the form of wristwatches. Modern smartwatches provide a local touchscreen interface for daily use, while an associated smartphone app provides for management and telemetry. They often include sensors such as trackers to monitor heart rates.

(13.) What is the primary purpose of the text above?

A. To persuade the readers to buy the latest model of a smartwatch.
B. To tell a story about how smartwatches were invented in the past.
C. To explain the general functions and nature of smartwatches as a technology category.
D. To describe the specific smartwatch that the author received as a birthday gift.
E. To instruct the readers on how to pair a smartwatch with a smartphone application.

Kunci Jawaban : C. To explain the general functions and nature of smartwatches as a technology category.

Pembahasan: Teks membahas "Smartwatches" (jam tangan pintar) secara umum sebagai sebuah produk teknologi masa kini, bukan jam tangan pintar merek tertentu milik seseorang. Oleh karena itu, ini memenuhi fungsi Report Text.

(14.) Which sentence from the text indicates the use of technical/scientific terms commonly found in Report texts?

A. Smartwatches are wearable computers in the form of wristwatches.
B. Modern smartwatches provide a local touchscreen interface for daily use.
C. ...while an associated smartphone app provides for management and telemetry.
D. They often include sensors such as trackers to monitor heart rates.
E. None of the sentences contain technical vocabulary.

Kunci Jawaban : C. ...while an associated smartphone app provides for management and telemetry.

Pembahasan: Kata seperti "telemetry" dan "interface" merupakan istilah teknis (technical terms) bidang teknologi informasi yang sering digunakan dalam Report Text untuk memperkuat akurasi deskripsi ilmiah.

Read the text carefully to answer question number 15!

Look at my smartphone. It is sleek, rectangular, and has a matte black finish. The screen is a 6.5-inch AMOLED display that shows vibrant colors. I love using it because its camera can take clear pictures even in low light conditions.

(15.) What distinguishes this text from a Report text about smartphones?

A. It explains the chemical process inside an AMOLED display panel.
B. It starts with a direct command ("Look at my smartphone") focusing on a specific item owned by the speaker.
C. It analyzes the worldwide market share of black-colored smartphones.
D. It uses the present tense to state undeniable global facts about mobile phones.
E. It uses highly formal scientific data to describe the hardware specifications.

Kunci Jawaban : B. It starts with a direct command ("Look at my smartphone") focusing on a specific item owned by the speaker.

Pembahasan: Adanya frasa "my smartphone" (ponsel pintar saya) dan kalimat penarik perhatian langsung menunjukkan bahwa teks ini bersifat sangat personal dan hanya mendeskripsikan satu benda konkrit itu saja (Descriptive Text).