Soal TKA SMA 2025/2026 Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, Lengkap dengan Pembahasan

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For all their great diversity of shapes and sizes, glaciers can be divided into two essential types: valley glaciers, which flow downhill from mountains and are shaped by the constraints of topography, and ice sheets, which flow outward in all directions from domelike centres of accumulated ice to cover vast expanses of terrain. Whatever their type is, most glaciers are remnants of great shrouds of ice that covered the earth eons ago. In a few of these glaciers, the oldest ice is very ancient indeed: the age of parts of the Antarctic sheet may exceed 500,000 years.

Glaciers are born in rocky wombs above the snow line, where there is sufficient snowfall and summer cold for snow to survive the annual melting. The long gestation period of a glacier begins with the accumulation and gradual transformation of snowflakes. Soon after they reach the ground, complex snowflakes are reduced to compact, roughly spherical crystals, the basic components of a glacier. The new layers of snow that survive the melting of the previous summer accumulate and squeeze out most of the air bubbles trapped within and between the crystals below. This process of recrystallization continuous throughout the life of the glacier.

The length of time for the creation of glacier ice depends mainly upon the temperature and the rate of snowfall. In Iceland, where snowfall is heavy and summer temperatures are high enough to produce plenty of melt water, glacier ice may come into being in a relatively short time-say, ten years. In parts of Antarctica, where snowfall is scant and the ice remains well below its melting temperature year-round, the process may require hundreds of years.

The ice does not become a glacier until it moves under its own weight, and it cannot move significantly until it reaches its critical thickness-the point at which the weight of the piled-up layers overcomes the internal strength of the ice and the friction between the ice and the ground. The critical thickness is about 60 feet. The fastest moving glaciers have been gauged at not much more than two and a half miles per year, and some cover less than 1/100 inch in that same amount of time. But no matter how infinitesimal the flow is, movement is what distinguishes a glacier from a mere mass of ice.

Baca juga: Soal TKA SMA 2025/2026 Pelajaran Kewirausahaan, Lengkap dengan Pembahasan

1. The passage mainly discusses....
(A) the size and shape of glaciers
(B) the formation of glaciers
(C) why glaciers move
(D) two types of glaciers
(E) diversity of shapes and sizes of glaciers
Jawaban : B

2. What is the correct analogy for the development of glaciers?
(A) Snowflakes
(B) Ice cream
(C) Ice sheets
(D) Birth
(E) Earth
Jawaban : D

3. Which of the following must be included for categorizing a mass of ice as a glacier?
(A) It must go uphill
(B) It must feel cold
(C) It must be located on a wide terrain
(D) It must move
(E) It must be a mass of ice
Jawaban : D

4. The author organizes the ideas in the passage by ...
(A) exemplifying the types of glaciers and pointing out where to find them
(B) dividing the diverse shapes, sizes of glaciers and the weight of snowfall that makes the glaciers
(C) categorizing glaciers into two type sand explaining how they come into being
(D) dividing glaciers into two essential types and stating that movement makes mass of ice immob
(E) presenting facts that glaciers are born in rocky womb
Jawaban : C

5. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) The rate of snowfall turns into glaciers
(B) Glaciers that do not melt become crystal snowflakes and evaporate as water vapours
(C) Snowflakes that do not melt despite summer heat crystallize and become glaciers
(D) Snowflakes fall on the snow line as glaciers and survive the summer and transform
(E) Glaciers are stationary at the point where they come into being
Jawaban : C